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EMS Core Features

Core Infrastructure & Device Connectivity

  1. Modbus Protocol Adapter - Read/write registers via Modbus TCP/RTU; device-profile based.

  2. Edge Core Cycle - Deterministic 1s (configurable) execution loop (scheduler).

  3. Edge Configuration Sync - Edge pulls latest device mappings and controller parameters from cloud.

  4. Command Dispatch - Bidirectional WebSocket: send setpoints from cloud/dashboard to edge.

  5. CAN Bus Support - Driver for BMS communication

  6. SunSpec Compilance - Auto-discovery and parsing of SunSpec-compilant inverters.

Device Abstraction & Virtualisation

  1. ESS Abstraction - Standardised battery channels: SOC, power, limits, setpoints.

  2. Grid/Site Meter - Unified import/export meter;

  3. PV Inverter Abstraction - Active power, energy, voltage and current.

  4. Load Meter Abstraction - Consumption meter, enables net/gross analysis.

  5. Advanced SOC Estimation - Kalman filter (EKF) with voltage correction and improved accuracy.

  6. Machine Learning SOC - LSTM/GRU model trained on site-specific BMS data; adaptive to ageing.

  7. Reactive Power Capability - Inverter channels for Q setpoint, power factor, Volt-VAR curves.

  8. Virtual Meter - Computer channels (sum of PV, wind, net load)

Control & Optimisation

Basic Controllers

  1. Self-consumption (Balancing) - Zero grid target; charge from excess PV/wind, discharge to meet load.

  2. Peak Shaving - Discharge battery when grid import exceeds threshold; reduce deman charges.

  3. Manual Override - Operator can set fixed charge/discharge power via dashboard.

  4. Load Following - Maintain predefined grid import/export profile; follow utility signal.

  5. Fixed Power Factor - Maintain constant PF at grid connection point.

  6. Volt-VAR Control - Autonomous reactive power response to voltage deviations.

  7. Frequency-Watt - Active power curtailment during over-frequency events.

Predictive Controllers

  1. Static Time-of-Use (ToU) - Schedule, charge during off-peak, discharge during on-peak.

  2. Load & PV Forecasting - Persistence model; 24h horizon, 15min resolution.

  3. ML-Based Forecasting - XGBoost/LightGBM trained on site data + weather API;

  4. Optimal ToU Dispatch - Linear programming (LP) scheduler; minimises energy cost; respects battery degradation.

  5. Dynamic Peak shaving - Forecast-aware threshold adjustment; avoid peaks proactively.

  6. Demand Response - Accept external curtailment signals (OpenADR 2.0b).

Monitoring & Visualization

  1. Live Single-Line Diagram - Real-time power flow; grid, solar, wind, battery, loads; updates via WebSocket.

  2. Multi-Site Overview - Cards with key metrics (total solar, battery SOC, grid import, alarms)

  3. Device Detail Page - Real-time channel values + mini-trends (last hour).

  4. Historical Energy Charts - Consumed, generated, stored energy over user-selected range.

  5. Alarm list & Timeline - Active/acknowledged/cleared alarms with severity and timestamp.

  6. Energy mix Pie Chart - Share of solar, wind, grid, battery in supply.

Analytics & Reporting

  1. Daily/Weekly/Monthly Energy Report - PDF/CSV; consumption, generation, battery throughput, grid exchange.

  2. Peak Demand Report - Top 5 peak 15-min intervals per billing period.

  3. Estimated Savings - Compare actual grid import with baseline (flat threshold).

  4. Carbon Avoidance - Co2 emissions avoided (based on grid mix factors)

  5. Power Quality Report - Voltage deviations, frequency, harmonics.

  6. Battery Degradation Report - Throughput vs SOH estimate; remaining useful life.

  7. Anomaly Detection - Unsupervised ML to identify unsual consumption/generation patterns.

  8. Automated Email reports - Schedules delivery to stakeholders.

Management & Administration

  1. Multi-Tenant Hierarchy - Organisation -> Site -> Edge -> Device; strict data isolation.

  2. Role-based access control - Admin, Operator, Viewer roles per organisation.

  3. Audit Log - Track user actions: configuration changes, manual commands.

  4. Bulk Device Provisioning - CSV import; auto-assignment to sites.

Alarms & Events

  1. Threshold Alarm Rules - User-definable high/low limits on any numeric channel.

  2. Communication Loss Alarm - Edge or device disconnect detected; auto-raised.

  3. Alarm Acknowledgement - User can acknowledge; status reflected in UI.

  4. Email Notifications - Send alarm emails to configured receipients.

  5. Alarm Escalation - If not acknowledged, notify higher-level user.

  6. Predictive Alarms - ML-based early warning (e.g battery may fail in 7 days.)

Reliability & Scalability

  1. Edge Heartbeat Monitoring - Cloud tracks last seen timestamp; alerts on stale.

  2. TimescaleDB Compression - Reduce Storage costs for historical data.

  3. Edge Local Storage - Cache telemetry locally if cloud unreachable; backfill on reconnect.

  4. Raft-Based Edge HA - Active-passive cluster with automatic failover (no control gap).